Wednesday, April 11, 2012

Realities of Organic Natural Farming

The village of Kombu Pallam of Sathyamangalam in Tamil Nadu wore a beautiful look under a clear sky and with lots of small birds hovering over the landscape.  The village appeared more agrarian with lots of agricultural activities happening around. Tractors and tillers in action, grazing cows, ploughing bullocks, men and women at work in the fields,  lush turmeric fields, amazing scenes of curry leaf, marigold and tuberose plants etc all these brought back to my mind the fond memories of  a farming village of yester years in Kerala.  The noises of the water pumping motor sets, streaming waters and moving tillers rend the air.   It was fascinating and nostalgic in every way.  I was in the company of a group of farmers in Alleppey district on the last Republic Day who traveled to Sathyamangalm for a day’s experience with a couple of organic natural farmers in action in Sathyamangalam.  The journey was one of the most valuable and enlightening experiences for all especially the close interaction with Mr S.R. Sundarama Iyer, who in his seventees is still brimming with activity.

 The mastery in the art of natural organic farming has brought him repute and he is an invited lecturer in many of the agricultural universities in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Mr. Sundararaman is a front-runner of the organic natural farming movement and is known far and wide in India as a practical farmer and currently leads the Tamil Nadu Farmers' Technology Association  as its President.

 Owing an area of 14 acres of land, he is doing cultivation in 13 acres following the principles of natural organic farming.  He practices what he preaches in every way.  He says that his farm was a victim of the green revolution. Being an energetic farmer he was responsive to changes and got his farm chosen as a demonstration farm for many of the chemical fertilizers and pesticide companies. On seeing the signs of degeneration in his farm, he has no second thoughts to shift away from the scientific modern farming styles to the traditional natural way.  Mr Sundaraman feels that the farmers have not yet recovered from the ill effects of the innovation brought about by the green revolution. He says that the practice of  using pesticides should stop for the up bringing of a healthy society. How would we be able to eat healthy food when we inundate our fields with poisons?  he asks.

 “ Uproot a green plant, wash its root to remove all soil, and weigh it. If  this green plant weighs one kg, when dried will yield a weight of  300 grams. Burn the dry plant and weigh the residual ash, which will be about 30 grams. This is because water forms 70 percent of the total weight of a green plant, air forms 27 percent, and only the remaining three percent is due to the minerals that the plant took from the soil while it was growing. The water got evaporated when the plant was dried and when burnt, whatever carbon and nitrogen gases were there got evaporated. What is left is the carbon and other minerals. This means that the plant takes very little from the soil and a lot more from the air and water, and uses sun light to grow”, this is the principle, which Mr Sundaraman teaches.   He is against burning of burning farm wastes. Return of the farm wastes will increase the biomass in the soil. Addition of biomass is important for improving the organic carbon content of the soil.   This will enhance the physical and chemical properties of soil since the natural cycle take place unhindered. The population of microbes increases, thus softening the soil. This helps plant roots sink deeper so they can draw nutrients that are buried deep in the soil.  Farming becomes self reliant since the farmer may not even require the advise of an agricultural expert.  This ultimately has no cost. Further there will still be savings from stoppage of use of extra nutrients which otherwise would have to be bought for a fairly high price.

The water retaining capacity of the soil improves, thereby minimizing the need for irrigation. The leaf area is increased leading to the maximum harvesting of light energy for photosynthesis. This leads to increased yields.

Mr Sundaraman has exhorted the farmers by recalling the principles of Dhabolkar who advised such practices by each farmer according to facilities available on the farm itself. Rearing of cows, buffalo, goats, use of animal urine, dung, milk,  rotation of crops, ideal use of the inputs from the farm including the farm waste, vermicompost etc will bring in self reliance in farming besides bringing about surprising changes in the farm and in returns. Do away with funds and finances, perfect one’s own expertise adaptable to the local situation and practice organic natural farming for a healthy and happy life.

The use of chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides) has taken over crop production these days. Crops have lost their natural resistance and stamina due to the use of chemical fertilizers. Because of this they have become susceptible to diseases. As a result, farmers have to resort to increased use of pesticides. Chemical residues from these have hardened the soil like a rock. To overcome this farmers are forced to use even larger quantities of fertilizers. These factors make for more work and increase the cost of farming.

Pointing to the heaps of twigs, shrubs and twigs in his farm, he said  it is possible to make use of one's own farmyard waste into value-added products for crop production.  We can also avoid poisoning our land. Our soils keep getting enriched. We would be able to provide healthy farm produce to our relatives, friends, and neighbors. Our environment will be saved. Diseases could be averted. We do not have to depend on others.

The first step in enriching the soil organically is the growing of a variety of crops on our land. Using this method it is possible to enrich the soil in just two hundred days. Even land that has been depleted of all nutrients due to chemical farming can be restored in this manner.


The very important highlight of Mr Sundaraman’s way of farming is the preparation of a multitudes of preparation which are called as growth promoters and catalysts.  This according to him is the result of the Self-reliant farming methodology.
Growth Promoters; Iyer’s combinations
Amudham
in 10 liters water Ingredients: One  liter cattle urine, 1 kg dung, 250 grams
, add to the above, and mix well. Make sure there are no lumps and cover and set aside the mixture for 24 hours. Preparation: Mix the dung thoroughly in water. Add urine and mix well. Powder the
, you may use waste fruit in this manner: Tie one kilogram waste fruit into a nylon bag and immerse this in urine solution. Let it soak for five days. This helps the fruit ferment well. Add ten times water to this and spray or add 60-100 liters of this in irrigation water for one acre. Applications: Add one liter of this solution to ten liters water (for a 10% solution) and spray. Take care to  dilute the solution or else the leaves will get scorched. This solution helps growth of leaves directly. It also repels insects. Instead of using
Concentrated amudham solution : Ingredients: Five liters cattle urine, One kg dung, One liter juice of any waste fruit.
, which is an external input.Preparation: Mix the dung thoroughly in urine and the juice and mix well. Set aside the mixture for five days.  This helps us avoid the usage of
Applications: This can only be used for irrigation and not for spraying. Use 20-30 liters per acre of this solution. This solution gives excellent growth.

, dung, and urine. This solution helps increase the population of beneficial microorganisms and acts as a good catalyst for plant growth. PanchakavyaAvUttam

, one  kg fruit,  two  liters tender coconut, 10-12  any variety of  rotten banana (or similar quantity of other fruit), and three to five liters water, one kg Ingredients: Five kg dung, three  liters urine, two  liters fermented curds, two liters milk, 500 ml

that has been melted and cooled. Knead it well using a bamboo pole. Cover this mixture with moist cloth for four days. Knead it once daily. On the fifth day add the remaining ingredients to this and let it ferment for fifteen days. (Add sufficient quantity of cattle urine and water if the solution is thick).  In twenty days you will find nice-smelling AvUttam. , and Preparation: Mix dung,

given in temples is not fermented. Also, it only has the five ingredients from the cow. Applications: Mix one liter of this with 35-50 liters water (two to three percent solution) and spray. Or, mix  five to ten  liters per acre with irrigation water. It provides all kinds of micro-nutrients, enhances plant growth, repels insects, and helps increase disease resistance in plants.
It is best to tie the fruit in a nylon mesh and leave it immersed in the solution. This obviates the need for filtering later. Also, the contents of the nylon bag could be reused a few times in subsequent solutions. And there is no need to mash the fruit when we use this technique.

Coconut-buttermilk solution: This easy-to-make this solution which will help to enhance plant growth, repels insects, and increases resistance to fungal diseases. Also, it enhances flowering in plants. This solution has the same growth enhancing potential as that of any other chemicals.
Ingredients: Five  liters buttermilk, one liter tender coconut, one to two coconuts, 500ml - 1 liter juice from waste fruit (or 500 gms - 1 kg waste fruit, if extracting juice is not easy).

Preparation: Break the coconuts and collect the coconut water in a vessel. Add buttermilk to this and mix well. Grate the coconuts, add to the mixture, and let it soak. Or, mix grated coconut and fruit (if not in juice form), put the mixture in a nylon mesh, tie it, and immerse it in the buttermilk solution. This solution ferments well in seven days. The contents of the nylon bag could be reused a few times in subsequent solutions by adding a small quantity of grated coconut every time.

Applications:  Mix ten liters water with 300-500ml solution and spray. This can also be used in irrigation at the rate of 5-10 liters per acre.

arappuArappu

Preparation: Mix the buttermilk and tender coconut. Crush the leaves well. If using waste fruit, add it to the crushed leaves and put this mixture in a nylon mesh and tie it. Immerse the mesh in buttermilk - tender coconut solution in a mud pot or non metallic container. Let it ferment for seven days. By using the nylon mesh we could avoid the need for filtering the solution while spraying.
leaf powder, use fruit juice instead of waste fruit. Mix all four ingredients and let it ferment for seven days. The  goal is to simplify the process for farmers. That is why  various options  like waste fruit versus juice and arappu leaves versus leaf powder are suggested.If you use
(cocculus hirsutus) leaves, greens,  tender betel leaves, and the thick peel (outer skin) of jackfruit are examples. is not available, you may use soap nut seed powder instead. In that case, we call it the soap nut-buttermilk solution. Many plant parts when they ferment release a sticky, gum-like liquid. You may add this liquid to the buttermilk and let it ferment. Hibiscus leaves, Wherever

Applications: Mix ten liters water with one liter solution and spray. This helps plant growth, repels insects, and adds resistance to fungal diseases. This solution has the same potential as that of gibberlic* acid.

Archaebacterial solution (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria - PGPR): It is no use to plants if we simply dump dung and other wastes next to the plant. We have to process them properly before plants can make use of these. Microorganisms exist precisely to carry out this task. Archaebacteria are the best such microorganisms. These thrive in anerobic conditions and are considered to be the earliest microorganisms that came into being in the course of the evolution of life on earth. We could reap good harvests if we make use of these microorganisms in the proper manner. We will not need to use chemical fertilizers at all.

[ Liquorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra]] solution to the above solution. Fill the rest of the container with water so that there will be no air left inside and close it air-tight. Methane will be formed inside the container. Let the air out of it once in a while by slightly unscrewing the cap for a moment. The solution will be ready in ten days. powder in 250 ml water and let it cool .Add the cooled  powder to it and mix well. Boil the , and water well in a container. Add Mix dung,
The solution will be light brown in color.

This enhances plant growth. The archaebacteria are directly absorbed by plants; as well, other microorganisms also ingest it. We could use this to grow blue-green algae. Mr. G. Balakrishnan, the expert who invented this, has recorded 15-20 percent  increase in the leaf area. Such an increase in area leads to a corresponding increase in photosynthesis (harvesting of solar energy as Dhabolkar says) and enhances yield. Application of  200-300 liters of this solution is sufficient for an acre.

, (c) 5-10 liters coconut-buttermilk / arappu-buttermilk / soapnut-buttermilk solution, (d) Three  liters fish extract. With this mix the following, depending on the disease. solution, (b)  Five  to 20 liters Application: Mix a liter of it with ten liters water to spray. Or, for use in irrigation, mix 200-300 liters per acre of this solution with one of the following solutions: (a) 30-50 liters concentrated

To control diseases, which damage the rhizosphere/rhizomes, and to control fussarium wilt, we have to use beneficial fungi like Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichogramma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, and Basilus suptilus. To control root knot nematodes use Paecilomyces lilacinus.
To control root grubs use Beauveria brongniartii and Metarhizium.

The farmers have to buy these from outside. To reduce the cost, farmers could buy in small quantities (100-500gms) and increase the population using the archaebacterial solution and these can be mixed at the time of irrigation. (Each of the fungi should be developed in a separate container.) Specific solutions for specific crops and diseases have been developed. Farmers should select a subset of the above ingredients depending on the crop and the disease.
Let the mixture (of the powders and the archaebacterial solution) ferment for a day before mixing with irrigation water. Each of the above five mixtures can be used one after the other to enhance  soil health and to increase the population of all beneficial organisms in the soil.

Fish Extract (fish amino acid): Fish extract helps us give green manure in the most natural way. This is widely used by organic farmers in Japan, Korea, etc.
. Ingredients: 1 kg native fish, 1 kg
Preparation: Remove the fish intestines and chop into fine pieces. (Using intestines is not harmful but it smells bad.) Powder the jaggery. Add the two to a broad-mouthed glass jar (best) or plastic jar that is just the right size (not too big), cover the jar with the lid (cap), tighten it, and mix well by shaking the jar. Don't add water. In ten days this will have fermented. Filter it using nylon mesh to get 300-500 gms solution into a honey-like syrup. This is a great nutrient for the plants.
Applications: Add 5 ml of this with one liter water for spraying. It could also be mixed with irrigation water.

Egg Extract (Egg Amino Acid): Ingredients:  5 eggs, juice of 10 – 15 lemons and 250 gms jaggery.
Preparation:  Place the eggs in a jar and pour lemon juice in it until the eggs are completely immersed.  Keep it for ten days with the lid closed.  After ten days smash the eggs and prepare the solution.  Add equal quantity of thick jaggery syrup to it and set aside for ten days.  The solution will then be ready for spraying.  This is a great nutrient for the plants just like Fish Extract and will boost plant growth.  It was originally conceived by Ms. Veeriachinnammal of Theni district (TN) as medicine for asthma.
Applications:  Add one to five ml of this with one liter water for spraying.
( The contact details of Mr S. R. Sundararaman, Kombupallam, Bannari Road, Sathyamangalam, TN 638 401; Cell: 098427 24778  Ph: 04295 225047)

3 comments:

  1. Great service to mother nature and humanity through organic farming. Kudos to the initiatives of Sri. S.R. Sundararaman. Happy to read the article.

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  2. Life has become too hectic these days. Work load particularly in the metro cities & the corporates have increased tremendously. That’s the reason why people tend to get family vacations only once or twice an year.
    Banzaara Travels

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